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Émile Janssens
Lieutenant-General Émile Robert Janssens (1902-1989) was a Belgian military officer and colonial official, best known for his command of the ''Force Publique'' at the start of the Congo Crisis. He described himself as the "Little Maniac" (''Petit Maniaque'') and was a staunch disciplinarian, but his refusal to see Congolese independence as marking a change in the nature of his command has been cited as the cause of the ''Force Publique'' 's mutiny in July 1960.
==Background==
Janssens served in various military roles during World War II. He served in Abyssinia, Nigeria, the Middle East, France, Holland and Belgium.〔 After the war, he taught at the Royal Military Academy in Brussels. In 1952, he was promoted to the rank of colonel and made responsible for the major military camp at Kamina.
On 1 February 1954, Janssens was given command of the ''Force Publique'', the gendarmerie of the Belgian Congo which also acted as the colony's armed forces. He took over from Auguste-Édouard Gilliaert who had commanded it since World War II. Since its creation, the entire ''Force Publique'' was tightly segregated along racial lines and, despite being majority black, was commanded entirely by white officers. In 1958, Janssens was further promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General.〔
The period of Janssens' command of the ''Force Publique'' coincided with the expansion of the African nationalist movement in the Congo. In 1959, he was responsible for repressing an important wave of riots in Léopoldville led by the ''Alliance des Bakongo'' (ABAKO) party.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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